| Securities Law |
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| (An Outline of Federal Securities Laws)More... |
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| Limited Liability Company Basics |
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| The limited liability company form of doing business combines some of the best features of the corporate and partnership forms of doing business. Generally, members of a limited liability company enjoy protection against individual liability enjoyed by shareholders of a corporation. At the same time, members of a limited liability company are taxed only once on income to the business when that income is passed through to the members. More... |
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| Business & Corporate Entities> Corporations> Shareholders & Other Constituents> Shareholder Duties & Liabilities |
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| (Controlling Shareholder Duties)More... |
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| The Federal Antitrust Law Exemption for State Action |
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| Federal antitrust laws are considered inapplicable to economic regulation by the States. In Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341 (1943), the Supreme Court reasoned that in the "dual system of government" of the United States, any subtraction by Congress from the sovereign powers of the states must be explicitly stated. Nothing in the Sherman Act (the first federal antitrust law) or in the legislative history of the Sherman Act indicated a Congressional intent to subject state regulatory activities to the Sherman Act.More... |
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| Stock and Commodity Exchange Volatility Controls |
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| Stock exchanges such as the New York and American Stock Exchanges and trading facilities such as Nasdaq are considered self-regulatory organizations under federal securities laws. To reduce volatility, securities and commodities markets have adopted several mechanisms known as circuit breakers, the collar rule, and price limits.More... |
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