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Problem-Solving Courts
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The concept of problem-solving courts evolved in the 1990's in response to large numbers of recurring cases. Courts disposed of certain types of cases but there was no true resolution of the underlying problem that brought the matter before the courts. Recurring cases appeared especially in three areas: domestic violence, drug-related offenses, and crimes involving mentally ill or mentally disabled individuals. Problem-solving courts use a therapeutic justice model, emphasizing treatment of the underlying problem. They seek tangible results for victims, for offenders, and for the general public. They coordinate with public agencies and community organizations to offer treatment as an alternative to incarceration. Judges in problem-solving courts remain actively involved with each case throughout the post-adjudication process.
Domestic Violence Courts
Domestic violence courts focus on victim safety. They closely monitor a defendant's compliance with court orders. Domestic violence courts also work in partnership with community organizations to provide education and treatment services to perpetrators of domestic violence, thereby promoting accountability on the part of the perpetrator.
Drug Courts
Drug courts use a cooperative, non-adversarial approach to drug-related crimes. Drug courts work in conjunction with treatment providers in addressing a defendant's drug abuse problems. Participation in treatment programs is mandatory, and defendants are monitored by frequent alcohol and drug use testing.
Mental Health Courts
Mental health courts were set up to deal with individuals entering the criminal justice system who have mental illness or a mental disability. The judge can sentence a defendant to treatment and medication, which is supervised by the court. Public agencies and community groups provide mental health services. A treatment plan is established for an individual and the individual's progress is reviewed during regular status hearings.
Copyright 2009 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc.
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